马克思主义的三大来源,是英国的古典经济学,德国的古典哲学和空想社会主义:
古典经济学的创始人亚当·斯密,他到底心里“信“什么,学术界还有争议。但他无疑是受过Church of Scotland的教义很大的影响。他的理论的基本假设,就是我签名档里的那句话:“上帝限制了人的力量,却给了他无穷的欲望“。古典经济学所有的亭台楼阁,都是建筑在这个磐石上的;
德国哲学就不用说了,马克思在自立门户之前,是青年黑格尔派的高手。而黑格尔就是学神学出身的;
至于空想社会主义,现在天朝毛派云集的网站叫“乌有之乡“。这个名字,来源于一本空想社会主义的巨著《Utopia》(上次我在图书馆,发现它被归类在科幻小说里面),《乌托邦》作者托马斯·摩尔,是个天主教的圣徒:Sanctus Thomas Morus。
God grant me the serenity
To accept the things I cannot change;
Courage to change the things I can;
And wisdom to know the difference.
Living one day at a time;
Enjoying one moment at a time;
Accepting hardships as the pathway to peace;
Taking, as He did, this sinful world
As it is, not as I would have it
但是,这句话在17世纪,被莫名其妙地传成了: “Credo quia absurdum [est]“ (我信,因为它是荒唐的)——这句怪话,是信仰主义(Fideism)的口诀。
信仰主義是一種認為信仰不是建立於理性與經驗上,且信仰的價值是高於理性、科學的學說。
天主教百科全书的定义: "a system of philosophy or an attitude of mind, which, denying the power of unaided human reason to reach certitude, affirms that the fundamental act of human knowledge consists in an act of faith, and the supreme criterion of certitude is authority."
现在在位的这个英国女王,当年登基的时候,Canterbury大主教问: "Will you to the utmost of your power maintain the Laws of God and the true profession of the Gospel? Will you to the utmost of your power maintain in the United Kingdom the Protestant Reformed Religion established by law? Will you maintain and preserve inviolable the settlement of the Church of England, and the doctrine, worship, discipline, and government thereof, as by law established in England? And will you preserve unto the Bishops and Clergy of England, and to the Churches there committed to their charge, all such rights and privileges, as by law do or shall appertain to them or any of them?"
女王回答: "All this I promise to do. The things which I have here before promised, I will perform, and keep. So help me God."